Tanzania is a hub of commerce and migration, and the country has made great strides in reducing HIV incidence, as evidenced by the recent THIS HIV population-based survey implemented by ICAP. However, key and hard-to-reach populations are still at increased risk of HIV infection. ICAP in Tanzania partners with the Ministry of Health and community-based organizations to improve HIV prevention, care, and treatment for people and to explore innovative ways of offering services and linking individuals to care. ICAP also supports the Ministry of Health on disease surveillance and laboratory system strengthening to address global health security for emerging threats such as COVID-19 and the Ebola virus.